While there is a growing body of evidence on the processes and outcomes of International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes, the Early Years stage (for preschool children aged 3-6 years) of the Primary Years Programme (PYP) is a new area of research.There is a sense that the best way (or ways) to do Early Years programmes is still an open question. This reflects the wider picture of early childhood education, where new policies and frameworks, and challenges to traditional approaches, are evident in many countries.